B. self-monitoring She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. C. average D. self awareness, According to the text, self-esteem typically _____ in Japanese exchange students after they spend several months at a Canadian university. -internal and unstable, external and unstable, The so-called "Sports Illustrated jinx"the tendency for athletes to experience a dip in performance directly after appearing on the cover of Sports Illustratedcan be BEST explained by. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. A. internal Review Later. One thing you ask yourself is whether you have ever seen him explode in anger at anyone else, or in other kinds of situations. Sociology is interested in how the group behaves and how groups interact with each other and society. This test is known as. How does the fundamental attribution error (FAE) differ from the actor-observer effect (AOE)? It shows that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. It is the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. what is involved in going to a restaurant. B. feared possible self -say that the last flip is more likely to be heads OR say that the last flip is more likely to be tails. Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are. B. feared self Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: A. cooperation B. communality C. collectivism D. groupthink, When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect . Which of the following is an explanation for the false consensus effect, but not an explanation for the false uniqueness effect? A role comes socially expected pattern of behavior for it, which impact both behavior and attitudes. These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." B. collectivistic humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. Internal attribution involves explaining behavior in term of a person's personal characteristics, whereas external attribution involves explaining behavior in terms of a person's situation/circumstances. . D. self-schema. -People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others. However, some people who saw media reports on the hurricane victims did not understand this. D. learned helplessness, Which statement about predicting your own behaviors or relationships is TRUE? The belief that people can control totally chance situations is the. Social psychology is the study of people in a group. Which of the following statements is true about the false uniqueness effect? A. strong Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. magical thinking. D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. If you are a hot hand player, you will answer. Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. B. collectivists; individualists Because our central aim was to She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. A. a self-fulfilling prophecy B. external D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. B. Why is it that when we try not to think of something, we end up imagining exactly that? D. social comparison, Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. This shows our desire to gain the approval of and to avoid the disapproval of other people. B. denying Even though the statistical probability of both hands is the same, many people (incorrectly) assume that Montana's exact hand is rarer than Sarah's exact hand. b. Suls and Wan (1987) extend the motivational account and propose that false uniqueness can contribute to one's self esteem The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present. Argh!" D. it depends on what state they live in, When facing competition, we often protect our self-concept by perceiving: Similarly, instead of seeing two dogs, such people might see "a small tan animal with fur and a large brown object with its tongue hanging out." As discussed in the textbook, research participants who read a story about a character named "Donald"a character who engages in skydiving, demolition derby driving, and other similar activitiestend to think that Donald is especially reckless when, -they have been primed with words like "dangerous" and "risky. B. low self-esteem This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. -"Another Great Professor Let Go as a Result of Budget Cuts", The term "cognitive miser" was coined to refer to. The false consensus effect refers to the tendency for people to. D. general; inflated, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. The only difference is whom it comes from. C. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities. In a famous early study in social psychology, fans of two rival football teams were asked to watch footage of an actual game that was very close. This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. D. other-centered, Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. Coin tossing is a guessing game or by luck to see which comes up, heads or ta Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language. It is more difficult to explain false uniqueness. Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect. It is often attributed to a desire to view one's thoughts and actions as unusual, arising . C. fear Suppose that Dorothy and Tim are out to lunch together, and both are on restricted-calorie diets. It seems as though both Jules and Jim are "seeing" different things when reading the book review. To Mr. Yipol's astonishment, though, the students actually perform worse this time. If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." A. people who share one's most prized. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. made about groups, made about individuals. Examples of impact bias For example, gaining or loosing a romantic partner, getting or not getting a promotion . Consider a person betting on coin tosses, and the previous five outcomes were all Heads. B. low self-esteem For example: Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics; Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you; Once he feels like he knows that, he goes on. D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation, Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. False consensus effect: When we overestimate how much other people share our perspective or preferences. B. narcissists lack an interest in others Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. Which of the following is the BEST example of a gain-framed appeal? Montana has a great handfour aceswhile Sarah's hand is just averagea 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. You have no idea how old he is. D. slightly, Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy. C. possible selves phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. C. low; high These two types of fathers represent John's: This is a good example of: People who have severe brain damage sometimes approach objects in the world as if they are seeing them for the first time. A. anger D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? The false consensus effect in social psychology is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate how much others share their beliefs and behaviours. The _________ is also known as the better-than-average effect and the Lake Wobegon effect. Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. C. relationships. D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. Believing that other people think and act the same way we do can be beneficial to our self-esteem. then it is unclear what type of attributions people will make. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance In other words, she is just beginning. Give an example of self-fulfilling prophecy. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. B. the corpus collosum C. poor self-esteem Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. Research demonstrates that, in counterfactual thinking, people engage in far more __________ than __________. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. Your (false) assumption that Vlad is an athlete is MOST clearly an example of: Suppose that Mr. Yipol gives 100 students a reading exam. D. the self-handicapping effect. A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure This is because, in general, 3-year-olds. Suppose that you meet an old man named Al. Whenever you smell coconut oil, you tend to think about your recent vacation in the Bahamas (where you and your friends used lots of coconut suntan oil). This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". B. collectivistic Zimbardo's study shows that even emotionally stable, normal young educated people are vulnerable to the power of the situation roles (police, prison guard). D. lower the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. Which of the following might be the headline of the article? C. high self-efficacy Thus, sometimes individuals tend to believe that others are more similar to them than is actually the case. Wilson and Gilbert (2003) referred to this phenomenon as: The state of a "dual attitude system" exists when we have differing _______ and _______ attitudes. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! This pattern can be attributed to statistical regression. C. self-efficacy D. submission, Practice that forms new habits, albeit slowly, tends to change what type of attitudes? D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. Every single time it comes up heads. In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. D. explicit, An example of how social comparisons can actually breed misery, rather than satisfaction, is when we; D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed, John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. Andrew's belief demonstrates: Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. It could apply to opinions, values, beliefs or behaviours . A. high self-esteem When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: Which of the following would be the BEST example of counterregulation? Why? You look at the restaurant listings in the newspaper and find one that is very expensive. A. liberal In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), participants who were in the rude priming condition were more likely to. A. planning fallacy T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. illusory correlation. Explain Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. B. we are more vulnerable to depression A. view others as superior D. an external locus of control, High school students who finished near the top of their class are more likely to experience a threat to their academic self-esteem if they attend a: A. the left hemisphere Working out daily will help you maintain good health. In that class, the teacher works with students to help them identify the criteria they use to make decisions, and points out how some of the criteria might not produce the desired outcomes. C. internal locus of control B. terror management theory A gain-framed appeal focuses on framing something in terms. D. traditionalists; progressives, When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people: C. self-efficacy B. self-monitoring A. high; high How does the status of group members impact conformity? or an external attribution ("Did I say something to provoke him?"). Which of the following kinds of thinking can help explain the first instinct fallacy? . This is an example of: C. narcissists are more outgoing than those high in self-esteem Yogurt that is "low fat" can be described as "95% fat free" or as "5% fatty." So when a task is ambiguous or difficult and people want to be correct, they look to others for information. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. D. individualism, Baumeister (2003) reported that people who engaged in sexual activity at an early age, teen gang leaders, terrorists, and men in prison for committing violent crimes tend to possess: . B. pete The first instinct fallacy refers to the false belief that it is better not to change one's first answer even if one starts to think that a different answer is correct. D. 80%; 60%. the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. A. jill Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. A. false consensus. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. A. high self-esteem It seems counterintuitive after all, people are usually better at d First, the given words prime thoughts of elderly, which in turn prime an elderly-related behaviour, walking slowly. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events D. self-concept, Researchers reported that both anxiety and depression are ______ correlated with self-efficacy. A. it helps protect us from depression However, the economic system of most of the world's nations are a combination of the ___ system and the ___ system Central planning, price The three . A. liberal -interrupt the experimenter to get instructions. B. B)Turning down the opportunity to help out at the local homeless shelter. [3] A. compare ourselves to close friends B. self-schema Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. B. specific; inflated Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone. -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. In Asch's study, the correct answer/behavior was obvious and when making such judgments alone, almost no mistakes were made. A. self-esteem A. no different from those with low self-esteem 8% of girls born in the United States in 2010 received one of the 10 most common names carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision.
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